On Tuesday, the Dutch parliament passed legislation that criminalizes both digital espionage and diaspora espionage, which involves foreign entities attempting to sway communities in the Netherlands that have connections to those nations.
This new law builds upon existing regulations by making it illegal to leak sensitive information or collaborate with foreign governments in ways that jeopardize Dutch interests. Those found guilty could face sentences of up to eight years in prison, with the possibility of 12 years for more serious offenses, such as espionage resulting in fatalities.
“Espionage is, regrettably, a common occurrence. As a nation, we must bolster our defenses against external attacks and threats. This legislation improves our capacity to safeguard the Netherlands from new forms of espionage,” stated Justice Minister David van Weel.
Last year, the Dutch intelligence agency cautioned that Chinese cyber espionage was more widespread than previously believed, targeting Western governments and defense contractors.
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In 2022, the Dutch government mandated the closure of two Chinese offices in the Netherlands amid an investigation into their operations. While China claimed these offices were intended to assist its citizens with document renewals, a report from Dutch media suggested they were involved in intimidating Chinese dissidents.